Long-term exposure to high altitude affects spatial working memory in migrants-evidence from time and frequency domain analysis / 生理学报

Long-term exposure to high altitude affects spatial working memory. Previous studies have focused on the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) components in time domain rather than in frequency domain. To explore the influence of long-term high altitude exposure on time dynamic characteristics and neural oscillation process of the spatial working memory, n-back task combined with the technology of event related potential recording was performed on 20 young migrants who grew at low altitude before the age of 18 and moved to high altitude more than three years ago, and 21 young people who had never been to the high altitude. EEG data were recorded, and the time domain and frequency domain analyses were performed. The results showed that the response time was longer and the accuracy rate was lower under the 2-back condition in the high altitude group compared with those in low altitude group. The late positive potential (LPP) amplitude was more negative, P2 amplitude was more positive in the 2-back condition, and the power value of early delta frequency band (1-4 Hz, 160-300 ms) was larger, while the power values of late delta frequency band (1-4 Hz, 450-650 ms) and theta frequency band (4-8 Hz, 450-650 ms) were smaller in the high altitude group compared with those in low altitude group. The results suggested that long-term exposure to high altitude affected the spatial working memory ability of the migrants, which was reflected in the lack of attention resources in the later matching stage, decreased response inhibition ability and information maintenance ability, and thus resulted in impaired spatial working memory.

Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Huperzia serrata and their metabolites' inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities / 中国中药杂志

A total of 27 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from Huperzia serrata,which were richly distributed in the stems and leaves while less distributed in roots. The 27 strains were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer( ITS) r DNA molecular method and one of the strains belongs to Basidiomycota phylum,and other 26 stains belong to 26 species,9 general,6 families,5 orders,3 classes of Ascomycota Phylum. The dominant strains were Colletotrichum genus,belonging to Glomerellaceae family,Glomerellales order,Sordariomycetes class,Ascomycota Phylum,with the percentage of 48. 15%. The inhibitory activities of the crude extracts of 27 endophytic fungal strains against acetylcholinesterase( ACh E) and nitric oxide( NO) production were evaluated by Ellman's method and Griess method,respectively. Crude extracts of four fungi exhibited inhibitory activities against ACh E with an IC50 value of 42. 5-62. 4 mg·L~(-1),and some fungi's crude extracts were found to inhibit nitric oxide( NO) production in lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-activated RAW264. 7 macrophage cells with an IC50 value of 2. 2-51. 3 mg·L~(-1),which indicated that these fungi had potential anti-inflammatory activities.The chemical composition of the Et OAc extract of endophytic fungus HS21 was also analyzed by LCMS-IT-TOF. Seventeen compounds including six polyketides,four diphenyl ether derivatives and seven meroterpenoids were putatively identified.

Chemical constituents from Dendrobium nobile / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Dendrobium nobile Lindl..METHODS The 95％ ethnol extract from D.nobile was isolated and purified by silica and Sephadex LH-20,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Eight compounds were isolated and identified as erianin (1),gigantol (2),moscatin (3),confusarin (4),4,5-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene (5),coumarin (6),hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester (7),dibutyl phthalate (8).CONCLUSION Compounds 1,3,5,6,7,8 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for the treatment of acetabulum anterior column fracture with intact true pelvic brim / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss feasibility and clinical effects of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis in treating acetabulum anterior column fracture with intact true pelvic brim.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2013 to December 2015, 8 patients with acetabulum anterior column fracture with intact true pelvic brim were reviewed retrospectively. According to Judet-Letournel classification, all were simple unstable acetabulum anterior column fracture. Among them, there were 5 males and 3 females with an average age of 42.8 years old ranging from 22 to 63. The injury was caused by crush in 4 cases, smash of heavy object in 3 cases, and falling down in 1 case. The time from injury to operation was ranged from 5 to 19 days with an average of 9.5 days. Preoperative CT showed high anterior column fracture of acetabulum with intact true pelvic brim, the fracture separation was less than 1 cm. All the patients were treated with closed reduction and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis. The quality of fracture reduction, operation time, blood loss, fracture healing time, hip function and postoperative complications were observed and recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 10 to 19 months with an average of 14.5 months. The quality of reduction was classified as anatomical in 4 patients, imperfect in 3, poor in 1 by Matta's score system. The operation time was 30 to 80 min, averaged 51.3 min;the blood loss was 50 to 120 ml, averaged 86.2 ml; fracture healing time was 10 to 19 weeks, averaged 13.3 weeks. At the latest follow-up, the hip function was evaluated by Merle D'Aubigne scoring system, 5 cases got excellent results, 2 cases in good, and 1 case in fair. No vascular nerve injury, wound infection, bleeding, deep vein thrombosis and other complications occurred in 8 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis in treating acetabulum anterior column fracture with intact true pelvic brim has advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, quick recovery and good curative effect, and it is a good surgical procedures for acetabulum anterior column fracture.</p>

Research progress of plant BAHD acyltransferase family / 中国中药杂志

Acylation conducted by acyltransferase is a ubiquitous process in structure modification of secondary metabolites. It plays an important role in the structural diversity of natural products and contributes significantly to their improved stabilities, increased solubilities, and enhanced bioavailabilities. BAHD acyltransferase family is a typical kind of acyltransferase original from plants, which involved in the biosynthesis of various bioactive acylated natural products. In order to provide references for future investigations of BAHD acyltransferase family, research progresses on basic properties, three-dimensional structures, catalytic mechanisms, enzymatic functional identifications and phylogenetic analyses of BAHD family from plants is summarized in this paper.

Case-control study on therapeutic effects between posterior corpectomy, decompression and reconstruction and combined anterior-posterior surgery for the treatment of severe thoracolumbar fractures with incomplete paraplegia / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical outcome between posterior corpectomy, decompression and reconstruction and combined anterior-posterior surgery in the treatment of severe thoracolumbar three column fractures with incomplete paraplegia, and to provide a basis for procedure selection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and radiographic results of posterior corpectomy, decompression and reconstruction (group A) and combined anterior-posterior surgery (group B) in the treatment of severe thoracolumbar three column fractures with incomplete paraplegia were analyzed retrospectively from January 2008 to December 2012. In group A, there were 18 patients (10 males and 8 females). The fractures were located on T11 in 1 case, T12 in 5 cases, L1 in 6 cases and L2 in 6 cases. In group B, there were 15 patients (9 males and 6 females). The fractures were located on T1 in 1 case, T12 in 5 cases, L1 in 5 cases and L2 in 4 cases. Neurological status was judged by Frankel grades. The X-ray and CT were used for evaluation of the restoration of anterior height of the fractured vertebral body, the correction of Cobbs angle, the decompression scope of spinal canal and the fusion. Complications related to operation were also considered. Results: The followup periods ranged from 12 to 18 months (averaged 16 months). The mean operation time, perioperative bleeding, postoperative drainage were (200 ± 43) min, (1100 ± 344) ml, and (400 ± 112) ml respectively in group A; and (290 ± 68) min, (1 500 ± 489) ml, (900 ± 269) ml respectively in group B. There was statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P < 0.05). There were significant improvements in anterior height of fractured vertebral body and Cobbs angle after operation. But there was no significant difference between groups A and B (P > 0.05). In Frankel grades, all patients had one grade or more improvement postoperatively. There was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment of thoracolumbar vertebra burst fractures with subtotal vertebrectomy, decompression and reconstruction of anterior column through posterior approach has a similar clinical result compared to the operation through combined anterior and posterior approach, but the posterior surgery decreased surgical trauma. It is an effective and safe surgical method.</p>

Surgical treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis by anterior debridement,bone graft,and posterior pedicle screw-rod internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effectiveness of anterior debridement,bone graft, and posterior pedicle screw-rod internal fixation in the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to June 2012,18 patients with lumbosacral tuberculosis undergoing the surgical treatment by anterior debridement, bone graft, and posterior pedicle screw-rod internal fixation were reviewed retrospectively. There were 12 males and 6 females with an average age of 44 years old ranging from 35 to 67. Among them, 2 cases were simple low back pain,3 cases were low back pain combined with radiating pain of lower extremity and 13 cases were muscle strength hypesthesia. According to Fankle grading,the nerve function was grade C in 3 cases,grade D in 10 cases,grade E in 5 cases. Of these cases,L4.5 was involved in 8 cases,L5 in 4 cases and L5S1 in 6 cases. The lumbosacral angle was 150 to 270 and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 45 to 93 mm/h before treatment. The clinical indexes including the lumbosacral incidence, Frankel grade and ESR were reviewed at follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 18 cases were followed up for 14 to 22 months. The mean operation time was 180 min. The amount of bleeding was 400 to 800 ml. Except 1 case with iliac vein injuried and 4 cases with abdominal distension,no spinal injuries and severe relative complication occurred, and neurologic function improved in various degrees. Pain in lumbosacral area and radicular pain in lower extremities disappeared. The X-ray and CT films demonstrated that bony fusion was obtained in all patients during 9 to 13 months postoperatively. The lumbosacral angle and ESR were improved significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anterior debridement, bone graft, and posterior pedicle screw-rod internal fixation is an effective method in dealing with lumbosacral spine tuberculosis.</p>

Treatment of upper respiratory infection by fangfeng tongsheng granule: a randomized controlled study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Fangfeng Tongsheng Granule (FTG) in the treatment of upper respiratory infection (superficial cold and interior heat syndrome, exterior and interior excess syndrome).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized, double-blinded, multi-centered, placebo-parallel-controlled clinical trial was adopted. Totally 324 patients were enrolled and assigned to two groups, 216 patients in the treatment group and 108 patients in the control group. Those in the treatment group took FTG at the daily dose of 3 g, twice per day, the therapeutic course being 3 days. Those with axillary temperature more than 37 degrees C took one more time before medication. Those in the control group took simulated agent granules the same dose and dosage as the treatment group. The effect of Chinese medical syndrome (ECMS), the rate of temperature-dropping-to-normal (RT), the time of temperature-dropping-to-normal (TT), the curative effect of single symptom (CESS) and adverse reactions were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 203 completed the trial in the treatment group and 101 in the control group. In the treatment group, the cured-effective rate was 55.67% (113/ 101), the total effective rate was 93.10% (189/101), the ECMS score decreased by 9.24 +/- 4.46, while they were 5.94% (6/101), 36.63% (37/101), and 3.27 +/- 3.29, respectively in the control group (P < 0.01). The RT was 87.50% (98/112) in the treatment group and 58.49% (31/53) in the control group (P < 0.01). The TT in the treatment group was superior to that of the control group (P < 0.01). As for CESS, all of the three primary symptoms and nine secondary symptoms were improved more obviously in the treatment group than in the control group. The integral decreased obviously, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01). The decrease was more obvious in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01). There was no adverse event related to FTG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FTG was effective and safe in treating upper respiratory infection (superficial cold and interior heat syndrome, exterior and interior excess syndrome).</p>